Training Electric

Electric Training Collars and the effects on Dog Training.?

I just posted an article in the files menu option about E collars and their effects for those people who are not familiar with their use and keep calling them cruel. Please read the article and submitt your comments to me, I am very interested in them. Serious replies only please.
For all those that responded BEFORE reading the article, read it first. I have tried it on myself a million times, it feels like a tickle at the level I use it on. And a BIG thank you to Yo Lo for posting the entire article here for everyone to see.

Here is the Article:

In the 30 years since the first “shock collars” became widely available in
the United States, these increasingly popular behavioral training
products have been refined to produce more effective results in ways
that have proven not only to be humane, but also—in fact—gentle.
While the technology behind modern electronic training devices has
come a long way, some veterinarians and consumers harbor
misconceptions about these products and their effect on dogs based
upon their impressions of older, crudely designed devices. To the
contrary, clinical studies in recent years offer conclusive evidence that
the proper use of modern electronic training devices does not lead to
adverse physiological effects on dogs.
This paper presents case studies, conclusions and informed opinions on
risks versus benefits from researchers at the Tuskegee University
College of Veterinary Medicine, international canine behavior experts,
practicing veterinarians, animal welfare organizations, professional dog
trainers, Sport Dog enthusiasts and others who have tested and
observed the effects of electronic training devices on dogs in shelters
and laboratories, on farms and in other real-world settings.
As you will gather from reviewing the current literature, a wide range
of credible experts believe that the average dog owner with basic
knowledge of training techniques can effectively and humanely use
electronic training devices for behavioral modification, obedience
training and containment needs.
This paper dispels a number of myths about electronic training devices.
As evidence of the evolving body of knowledge about today’s
technology, conclusions about the safety and effectiveness of modern
electronic training devices are supported by The Humane Society of the
United States, The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to
Animals (ASPCA) and the International Association of Canine
Professionals, among others.
Because dog owners frequently ask veterinarians how to address
common behavioral issues, professionals have an opportunity to impart
credible, proactive and vital information that can greatly increase the
likelihood of a dog’s acceptance into the family. This paper’s purpose is
to help you become more familiar with credible research into and
objective facts about today’s products so as to be conversant when
discussing behavioral solutions with dog owners.
“We recognize that older products
were often unreliable and difficult to
use humanely. But we feel that new
technology employed by responsible
manufacturers has led to products
that can be and are being used safely
and effectively to preserve the safety
and well-being of many dogs and
strengthen the bond with their
human companions.”1
— Randall Lockwood, PhD
Vice President for Research
and Educational Outreach
The Humane Society
of the United States
© Copyright 2004, Radio Systems Corporation 800-732-2677 • www.petsafe.net
Myths About Electronic
Training Devices
Evidence exists that almost all veterinarians are concerned
about the alarming rise in shelter populations and euthanasia
statistics—many of which are attributable to behavioral issues.
Because veterinarians are in a unique and credible position to
proactively educate dog owners about behavioral health, it is
helpful to be aware of the latest tools that dog owners may
employ to help their pets succeed as valued and permanent
members of the family.
This paper will dispel many myths about electronic training
devices, including that:
• They make dogs aggressive;
Or, conversely . . .
• . . . The devices only work on aggressive dogs
• They “shock” the dog
• Electronic collars can cause burns
• Dog owners have to be expert trainers to use the devices
Uses for Electronic
Training Devices
A survey of current literature from canine behaviorists,
psychologists, and veterinary researchers suggests that many
behavioral problems other than aggression, fears and anxietyrelated
behaviors may be addressed by the appropriate use of
electronic training devices. These behaviors include but are
not limited to:
• Excessive barking
• Pulling on leash while walking
• Bolting through doors
• Digging
• Failure to come when called
• Jumping up on owners / visitors
• Hurdling fences
• Roaming
• Chasing cars / people
• Destructive behavior
• Trash raiding
• Containment issues
Origin and Evolution of Modern
Electronic Training Devices
U.S. pet owners purchased more than 2 million remote training
devices, pet containment systems and bark collars in 2001.
— Radio Systems Corporation industry research
Over the years, electronic training devices have been known by
many monikers—most notably and most graphically “shock
collars.” Other terms include “electronic collars,” “e-collars,”
and also “remote trainers” when used in a generic sense.
The current and more accurate term “electronic training
devices” recognizes that while the products do incorporate a
degree of electrical or “static” stimulation, the term “shock” is
a misnomer for today’s technology. The distinctions between
first generation products and today’s devices will be explored
throughout this paper.
The first electronic training devices were used by outdoors
enthusiasts to train their hunting dogs. When the products
proved effective and popular with sport dog owners, leading
manufacturers expanded their product lines and reduced the
cost to make the devices accessible to companion dog owners.
Today there are at least eight major manufacturers of
electronic training devices marketing their products globally
at retail outlets, through mail order catalogues and online.
Since becoming widely available, consumer awareness and
sales of electronic training devices have grown steadily from
approximately 200,000 units in 1996 to more than 2 million
units today. Unit sales of electronic training devices are
projected to reach 4 million annually by 2007 — indicating
acceptance by consumers in greater and greater numbers.
Types of Electronic
Training Devices
Modern electronic training devices deliver a low-voltage
electrical correction through contact points attached to a dog
collar. The products are generally broken down into three
classes, each with its own training applications.
Pet containment systems offer a method of keeping a dog at
home within a yard without the necessity of constructing a
physical barrier. They may be installed in-ground for
aesthetics, or above ground as a standalone solution or
reinforcement for an existing barrier that is not keeping the
dog contained. In addition to newer wireless models there
are also systems designed for indoor use that can be scaled
from very small to larger areas.
Bark control collars are used to curb excessive and/or
nuisance barking by delivering an automatic correction
from the collar. While these collars come in electronic,
citronella and sonic varieties, this paper addresses electronic
correction bark control collars only.
Training collars or “remote trainers” allow the owner to
train the dog at close range or at a distance, even when it is
off-lead or otherwise out of immediate reach. Electronic
remote training devices consist of a collar with a receiving
unit and a remote hand-held transmitter held by the user.
When the appropriate button is pressed on the hand-held
transmitter, the dog receives a warning tone or a
stimulation (electronic, vibration, etc.).
In addition to being useful for deterring undesired
behaviors, remote trainers have also proven highly effective
for teaching obedience commands.
As with all training protocols or products, we recommend a
thorough physical examination and consultation with a
veterinarian to determine any health or temperament
problems that could be treated with medical care.
Where Veterinarians Currently
Stand on Electronic Training
A survey of veterinarians and veterinarian technicians
attending the 2003 North American Veterinary Conference
found a generally positive attitude about the use of electronic
training devices, with 80 percent of professionals stating that
they would recommend them in many cases.2
What about the other 20 percent? Of those who would not
recommend the devices in most cases, their primary concerns
were:
• Could owner misuse of the products result in adverse
physical and/or psychological effects?
• Might the dog be subjected to undue discomfort?
The following research project provides reassurance to
veterinary professionals who have concerns about potentially
adverse effects of modern electronic training devices.
Case 1 – Tuskegee University Study
Finds No Lingering Adverse Effects
of Bark Collars
Because behavior problems are the reason that a significant
number of dogs end up in shelters, research has been done in
shelter and rescue environments to gauge the effectiveness of
electronic training devices.
In 2003 a team led by Janet Steiss, D.V.M, PhD, of the
Tuskegee University College of Veterinary Medicine,
conducted a 4-week study of adult shelter dogs’ physiological
and behavioral responses to bark control collars.
Dogs were randomly assigned to either an electronic collar or
the control group.
At the conclusion of the study, Dr. Steiss and her team
concluded that electronic bark collars were not only effective
in controlling excessive barking, but that they also did not
cause any lingering adverse physiological effects.3
From a behavioral standpoint, the amount of barking was
significantly reduced starting on the second day that dogs
wore the electronic collars. Physiologically, the dogs registered
a mild, yet statistically significant, increase in blood cortisol
level only on the first day of wearing the collars.
© Copyright 2004, Radio Systems Corporation 800-732-2677 • www.petsafe.net
What Electronic Training Devices
Are and Are Not
What makes today’s electronic training devices more humane
than their predecessors? Nearly all products from all
manufacturers emit only a very mild electrical stimulation.
These devices draw their current from batteries and are thus
very limited. The energy level is similar to what one gets when
touching a metal object after walking across carpet. It is
uncomfortable, surprising, and one quickly draws away; but it
is not harmful and is more startling than painful.
Case 2 – Researcher Finds No
Evidence of Organic Damage from
Electronic Training Devices
In researching the potential for danger associated with using
electronic devices to train and/or contain dogs, German
researcher Dieter Klein concluded that, “Modern devices using
single electric impulses with a duration of less than 1
millisecond and a height of 30-80 milli-amps . . . are in a range
in which normally no organic damage is being inflicted.”4
Case 3 – What Does a Static
Correction Really Feel Like?
The following table helps to put into human perspective the
relative sensation a dog experiences when receiving
stimulation from various electronic training devices. Note
that at .914 joules, the electric muscle stimulation and
Table 1: Summary of Salivary Cortisol
Concentrations (mean ± SD, nmol/L)
for Dogs in Bark Collar Study
Samples were taken 20 minutes after the collar was removed,
on week 4, day 3, the last day of the study.
Week 4, day 3
(6th day wearing active collar)
Control collar
(n = 4) 2.04 ± 1.61
Electronic collar
(n = 3) 1.56 ± 0
Notes:
• Values were reported as μg/dl and converted to nmol/L
(conversion factor: x 27.59)
• No blood contamination of the saliva samples was found on
the blood detection kit (transferring < 0.08 mg/dl)
• Salivary cortisol standard curve extends from 0.008 to 1.6
μg/dl.
• Samples taken from 2 non-racing Greyhounds housed in the
Small Animal Clinic, Tuskegee University, had values of 1.65
and 1.38 nmol/L.
Source: Janet Steiss, D.V.M., PhD, PT, et al.
© Copyright 2004, Radio Systems Corporation 800-732-2677 • www.petsafe.net
contractions* a human receives from an “abdominal
energizer” fitness product is exponentially stronger—more
than 3,046 times stronger—than the impulse a dog receives
from a bark Collar Set at its highest level.
* Dr. Klein notes that “in the case of dog training, it is not the
muscle contraction that is desired, but ‘the sensation of
electric current’ as a reminder.”
Although not depicted on the chart above, Radio Systems
Corporation found when testing its products that the output
voltage a human would receive from a nylon carpet at 50
percent relative humidity is more than twice the output
voltage that a dog would receive from any of its three types of
electronic training devices set at low levels. At 20 percent
relative humidity, the carpet would produce a sensation more
than nine times stronger than a low-level electronic
stimulation.
Multiple Levels of Sensitivity to
Suit Each Dog’s Temperament
A vital feature of today’s electronic training products is that—
instead of the obsolete “one-size fits all” approach—it is now
standard for most devices to offer a range of electronic
impulse levels from which owners may choose depending
upon their dog’s personality, breed, size, activity level and
environment.
In 2002, Radio Systems Corporation received an endorsement
by the International Association of Canine Professionals for
its “Gentle LiteTouch™” pet containment training method.
This breakthrough set the standard for the industry to aspire
to in offering a wide range of stimulation adjustment for
containment products.
Today, a survey of current
remote training collars reveals a
choice of stimulation levels
ranging from five to 18 in
various modes of operation.5
This expanded range of choice is
now commonplace among all
leading manufacturers of
electronic training products.
Case 4 – Electronic
Training Devices
Aid in Fast, Lasting
Behavioral Change
Research and anecdotal evidence
from dog training professionals
suggest that dogs can learn faster
and achieve true long-term
learning when conditioned with
electronic training devices.
A team of Norwegian researchers
conducted a two-year study of the
effect of electronic training devices on 114 hunting dogs of
breeds that exhibited a strong instinctive drive to kill sheep. A
group of dogs was given a sheep confrontation test in the first
year by which they received an electronic correction for
predatory behavior when they got within two meters of a sheep.
In the second year of identical testing on the same group, the
dogs showed weakened, delayed, and hesitant behavior,
indicating that a) learning had taken place; and b) behavior
modification learned the previous year was retained by the
dogs over relatively long periods of time. Only one of the 114
dogs that received electronic corrections the first year required
it the second year.
The researchers found that 18 of the 24 dogs reported by
owners to exhibit behavioral changes lost their previous
interest in sheep.6 And from a psychological standpoint, the
dogs’ owners reported “no negative effect on the dogs’
behavior during the year ensuing electronic treatment.”
Contrary to what one might expect, electronic bark control collars do
not extinguish the bark response, notes Radio Systems Corporation.
When the collar is removed, the dog will still bark to alert to strangers.
Advantages of Using Electronic
Training Devices
Using modern electronic training devices offers several
benefits over other standalone behavior modification methods
such as leash or clicker training.7
• Speed/timing of correction/stimulation
With a remote trainer, owners can deliver the appropriate
signal at the exact instant they want to get the dog’s
attention. “There is no time delay like there is associated
0
1
2
3
4
5
0.000005 0.000007 0.000034 0.00053 0.0003
0.914
2.0
3.2
6.0
360.0
Remote
Trainer
Low Level
Pet
Containment
Low Level
Bark
Collar
Low Level
Pet
Containment
High Level
Bark
Control
High Level
Abdominal
Energizer
Muscle
Stimulation
Machine
Normal Level
Electric
Fence
Energizer
Muscle
Stimulation
Machine
High Level
Defibrillator
Table 2: Relative Energy Comparison of Electronic Training
Devices and Common Sources of Static Impulses
Source: Philips Testing Service (a division of Philips Consumer Electronics Company)
JOULES
© Copyright 2004, Radio Systems Corporation 800-732-2677 • www.petsafe.net
with a treat, or taking up slack on a leash, or catching the
dog if it is far away,” explains Keith Benson of Triple Crown
Dog Training Academy, the largest canine training and
behavior center in America.
• Effective for any size combination of person and
dog
Unlike Leash Training, which can require significant size and
strength to use safely and effectively, electronic training
devices may even be used by persons with disabilities. In all
human/dog training situations, regardless of size, the goal,
Benson explains, is “to remind the dog that it is part of a
team, not acting alone.”
• Consistency — Can be used at all times in all
appropriate situations
As many who rely on food treats as rewards will probably
attest, it can quickly become difficult to motivate some dogs
to work for anything other than food. Still other dogs are
model students in obedience classes but seem to forget all
they have learned once they are in the “real world.” Use of a
remote trainer ensures that the owner can consistently
correct or reward the dog instantly without having to feed a
constant stream of treats, manage an extremely long leash,
or chase the dog down to remind it to cooperate.
• Control — Allows the handler to maintain gentle,
effective control of the dog even at a distance
In certain situations, such as animal assisted therapy or
police dog work, it is of the
utmost importance to all
involved that a dog be under
near-failsafe control at all
times.8 Observations such as
the following illustrate the
value and flexibility of the
electronic training option for
almost any kind of situation
when used properly:
“Our Canine Unit has been in
existence for 13 years and has
depended greatly on the use of
remote training collars. The devices
aid in teaching new exercises using
low-level stimulation. They are also
very useful in controlling the dog at
a distance while allowing our
officers to keep their hands free, a
very important officer safety issue. Most important, it limits the
department’s liability. We have yet to have an accidental bite of an
innocent bystander . . . If we can prevent our dogs from placing
themselves in dangerous situations by the use of low-level
stimulation, it is our responsibility to do so.”
— Sgt. Rod Hampton Canine Unit Supervisor
Round Rock (Texas) Police Department.
Note that in an environment where one might expect more
forceful handling of the dogs than might be acceptable to
vets and owners, the police department’s handlers prefer to
train using low stimulation levels.
Potential Negative Effects
Resulting from Incorrect Use of
Electronic Training Devices
While much current literature on electronic training
technology focuses on benefits, there is little doubt that
incorrect use of the devices can pose some degree of physical
and/or psychological risks to dogs.
In its publication addressing effective, humane professional
standards for dog trainers, the Delta Society, an organization
that promotes the human-animal bond, presented a detailed
rundown of risks of electronic and non-electronic training
equipment. It noted that all training equipment and methods,
including tools as seemingly benign as food and toys, could be
harmful if used incorrectly.9 Examples cited include:
• Flat collars can put pressure on the airway and cause
gagging when the leash is tightened
• Muzzles that prevent the dog from opening its mouth can
quickly cause overheating due to the inability to pant
• Overuse of food rewards can cause an overweight condition
The following table is a compilation of risks and warnings
that the Delta Society advises users to be aware of when using
electronic training devices:
Case 5 – A Word About Pressure
Necrosis (or Contact Dermatitis)
Because of the exponential rise in the use of electronic
training devices, many veterinarians are noting an increase of
infection, necrosis, contact dermatitis, and/or scarring at the
collar site on the neck.
Table 3: Electronic Training Devices Limitations, Risks and Warnings
Device Type Limitations Risks and Warnings
Anti-bark May need to trim or Shock may result in fearful or aggressive response
collars shave hair on dog’s to a person or other animal near wearer.
neck to ensure contact
points touch skin. Contact points may irritate skin, causing infection,
so dog’s neck should be examined frequently.
Remote Training goals should Shock can trigger aggressive behavior or stress
training be achieved with severe enough to interfere with learning.
collars minimal repetitions.
Contact points may irritate skin, causing infection.
May need to shave hair
on dog’s neck to ensure
contact points touch skin.
Electronic Not recommended for Dog may be injured or traumatized
containment dogs with existing fear by other animals crossing or approaching
systems or aggression problems. the boundary.
Source: Delta Society
© Copyright 2004, Radio Systems Corporation 800-732-2677 • www.petsafe.net
Of particular concern, some are mistaking pressure necrosis
(also known as “contact dermatitis” or “decubitus ulcers”)
caused by too-tight collars for burns that appear to have been
caused by the collar.
According to Dieter Klein, referenced earlier, “The electric
properties and performances of the modern low current
remote stimulation devices (with current intensity of less than
100 mA) are comparable to the electric stimulation devices
used in human medicine. Organic damage, as a direct impact
of the applied current, can be excluded.”
Robert E. Schmidt, D.V.M., PhD stresses that prevention of
pressure necrosis is the best treatment.
“If reddening of the skin is noted, the tightness of the collar
should be evaluated,” advises Dr. Schmidt. This would entail
removing or loosening a too-tight collar that is causing
ischemia, which can lead to pressure necrosis if incorrectly
diagnosed as burns or if not diagnosed until later stages of
ulceration. Pet owners need to check for proper fit and
irritation on a daily basis.
Proactive veterinarians should consider asking dog owners if
they plan to use electronic training devices and briefly explain
how to check for proper collar fit so as to avoid pressure
necrosis.
Who Are Good Candidates
for Using Electronic Training
Devices?
Regardless of their previous attitudes toward electronic
training devices, after considering the information presented
in this paper, veterinarians should be confident that people
and dogs fitting this description can benefit from the use of
today’s enhanced products for addressing a wide range of
behavioral health and obedience training issues:
• Well-intentioned pet owners capable of following basic
instructions for product use
• Non-aggressive, non-phobic dogs
Additionally, senior citizens and physically challenged owners
and their dogs may especially benefit from electronic training
devices, notes Jerry Wolfe, president of Triple Crown Dog
Academy.10
“ . . . these devices have also shown great benefit to senior citizens who
do not have the strength or proper timing when using a conventional
leash and collar. We have also experienced, in working with
handicapped pet owners, that these devices are sometimes the only way
for them to safely train and control their dogs, especially in public
environments with enhanced distractions and the possible presence of
other dogs.”
Choosing the Appropriate
Stimulation Level for Electronic
Training Devices
“Starting at too high an intensity can cause an extremely
fearful or aggressive response, but starting at too low an
intensity can cause habituation.”
— Delta Society
Veterinarians should encourage dog owners to read all
package instructions before beginning to use electronic
training devices. In addition to providing product safety
information, some manufacturers also give suggested, step-bystep
details in writing and/or via video for how to properly
combine voice commands with electronic stimuli to effectively
achieve the desired result. In many cases these instructions are
provided by professional dog trainers.
Because today’s electronic training devices offer a range of
correction settings, it is always advised that dog owners begin
training on the lowest setting and observe the dog closely to
gauge its response.
Therefore owners are advised to quickly determine what
Phyllis Giroux, D.V.M., CAC, of the Deep Run Health Care
and Training Center in Goldvein, Virginia, refers to as the
“recognition” level.
“This is the level at which the dog can recognize that he is
receiving some signal from the training device,” says Dr.
Giroux. “The correct level for training is that level at which
we have the dog’s attention, whether we get it in the form of a
treat, a click, a vibration or a low-level stimulation.”
Case 6 – Anecdotal Evidence from
Respected Veterinarian/Trainer is
Positive
While this paper has presented several scientific studies on the
physical and psychological effects of electronic training
devices, some of the most compelling arguments for the
judicious use of electronic training devices are found in
anecdotal evidence.
“In the past six years at our training center we have ‘rescued’ over a
hundred dogs that would have been turned in to shelters or euthanized
because the dogs were deemed uncontrollable. These are dogs from
normal households that failed to learn for whatever reason. These dogs
come to our training center and spend two to four weeks learning how
to respond to the Training Collar. We do not punish with it, but teach the
dog to pay attention, learn right from wrong, and develop self-control
and a solid sense of teamwork. These dogs go back home with their
owners, who easily maintain control by occasional application of a
tone or stimulation to remind their pet of the rules.”
— Phyllis Giroux, D.V.M., CAC
© Copyright 2004, Radio Systems Corporation 800-732-2677 • www.petsafe.net
Conclusions
“Electronic training aids that are improperly designed,
maintained, fitted, adjusted or employed may also present
risks, but their proper use in conjunction with reward-based
obedience training has demonstrated benefits to many
thousands of dogs and their owners.”
— Randall Lockwood, PhD
Vice President for Research and Educational Outreach
Humane Society of the United States
“Behavior problems are the largest preventable cause of death
in dogs in the United States,” says Steve Appelbaum, president
of Animal Behavior College, a school for professional trainers,
which has graduated more than 1,300 professional dog
trainers. “We know that 40 to 70 percent of all dogs in animal
shelters are there because of untreated behavior problems.”11
Despite the stepped-up efforts of national and grassroots
organizations to slow the growth of the unwanted animal
population, the fact remains that a large percentage of dogs in
shelters or on the street got there because, for any number of
reasons, they failed to integrate successfully into family life.
Veterinarians who proactively address behavioral issues with
dog owners can contribute significantly to helping reduce the
alarming shelter and euthanasia statistics. This paper has
made the case that appropriate use of modern electronic
training devices are an appropriate tool for the majority of
behavioral and containment issues that frustrate owners.
Based on the information presented here, veterinary
professionals should be assured in recommending these
devices to responsible owners while also encouraging them to
read and understand the package instructions before using
the products. With the proper application of electronic
training devices per manufacturers’ instructions, it is
reasonable to expect successful outcomes in the majority of
cases with no adverse physiological or psychological effects on
the dog.
For More Information Please Contact:
Chris Brudecki
Radio Systems Corporation
Knoxville, TN USA
ChrisB@petsafe.net
+1 865 218 4028
Visit Radio Systems Corporation online at
www.petsafe.net
© Copyright 2004, Radio Systems Corporation 800-732-2677 • www.petsafe.net
Bibliography
[1] Randall Lockwood, PhD, Vice President for Research and
Educational Outreach of the Humane Society of the United
States, letter to Phil Alder of the Department for Environment
Food and Rural Affairs (United Kingdom), May 20, 2004.
[2] “Top Line Summary from Interviews Conducted at the
North American Veterinary Conference: January 2003,”
Radio Systems Corporation, 2003.
[3] Janet Steiss, D.V.M., PhD, PT, C. Schaffer, D.V.M., H.A.
Ahmad, PhD, MBA, “Evaluation of Dogs Wearing Bark
Control Collars,” investigator report, October 24, 2003.
[4] Dieter Klein, “How Dangerous are Remote Stimulation
Devices for the Training of Dogs?” originally published in
Amtstierärztlicher Dienst und Lebensmittelkontrolle, 2000.
[5] Jerry Thoms, “The Modern Remote-Training Collar—
This is Not Your Father’s “Shock Collar,” Gun Dog Magazine,
June/July 2004, 56-61.
[6] F.O. Christiansen, M. Bakken and B.O. Braastad,
“Behavioural Changes and Aversive Conditioning in Hunting
Dogs by the Second-Year Confrontation with Domestic
Sheep,” Applied Animal Behaviour Science, April 26, 2001,
131-143.
[7] Phyllis Giroux, D.V.M., CAC, “The Shocking Truth About
Remote Trainers,” The Whole Dog Journal, Vol. 4, No. 2,
February 2001.
[8] Sgt. Rod Hampton, Round Rock (Texas) Police
Department Canine Unit Supervisor, open letter,
August 7, 2002.
[9] Delta Society, Professional Standards for Dog Trainers:
Effective, Humane Principles. Renton, WA: Delta Society,
August 2001, 26-28.
[10] Jerry Wolfe, President, Triple Crown Dog Training
Academy, letter to Phil Alder of the Department for
Environment Food and Rural Affairs (United Kingdom),
May 20, 2004.
[11] Steve Appelbaum, President/CEO of Animal Behavior &
Training Associates, Inc. and professional dog trainer, open
letter, May 20, 2004.
Suggested Additional Reading
Leslie Sinclair, D.V.M., “Electronic Aid,” HSUS News, Summer
1998.
Lance Bauman, “The How’s and Why’s of Pet Containment,”
Safe Hands Journal, International Association of Canine
Professionals, Vol. 5, Issue 2, Summer 2004.
Permission to reprint and distribute this paper in its entirety is
granted by Radio Systems Corporation through January 31,
2006.
416-013

 

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Vinnie Moore: Advanced Lead Guitar Techniques VINNIE MOORE “Advanced Lead Guitar Techniques” features: Left & right hand exercises for speed and accuracy, theory, substitution scales, playing scales in seconds, thirds, etc., advanced “pivoting” licks & exercises, the classical violin-like technique, arpeggio “sweeps,” building triplet patterns, advanced chromatic exercises and more (60 min.)…

Korg Triton Studio Video Training: Master Series Tutorial $35.00 Nearly an hour and a half of instruction & master-level tutorial on VHS. Hands-on demonstrations to help visually guide you through your Triton Studio. Shortcuts to start making great music and effects in no time!…

Electric Bass 2: Soloing Ear Training & Six String [VHS] $31.99 …

Liftmaster 377LM 315MHz Garage Door Keypad $14.99 Compatible with 315MHz LiftMaster® Security+® Garage Door Openers with a purple learn button under the light cover of the motor head and Chamberlain Radio Control Receivers only on 315MHz…

Petzl E91 PE Tikkina 2 Headlamp, Electric Blue $15.96 Designed to meet everyday lighting needs, the Petzl Tikkina2 Headlamp offers two lighting modes, performance LEDs, and a push-button switch that make it perfect for a range of uses. Perfect for outdoor activities and household chores, this headlamp features a battery/LED compartment that makes for fast changes and allows users to equip the headlamp with the ADAPT mounting system (not included).Tik…

UFC Electric Training Short-Jon Jones UFC 145 Fight Short $69.99 UFC Electric Training Short-Jon Jones UFC 145 Fight Short

Tri-Tronics Retriever Training Book $45.85 Tri-Tronics Retriever Training Book. Premier dog training book for training retrievers with electric collar. Easy retriever training! Satisfaction Guaranteed!

Dog Vibration Training Collar with Electric Contro $22.99 Description:Ideal for call or training pets.2 levels of vibrations and whistle.Receiver uses 2 pcs AAA batteries (not inclucded)Dog Training Collar Vibration instead of static stimulationDog Remote Vibration Collar is a very effective Electric Dog Control with a working range of up to 150 yard.Remote transmitter powered by 1 piece of 23A batteryTransmitter specification:Height: 8.5cm Width: 3.6cm Depth: 1.6cmWeight: 28.8gFrequency: 433.825MHzBattery cover and belt clip hole on backReceiver collar specification:Height: 5.5cm Width: 3cm Depth: 2.9cmWeight: 35.5gWaterproofPackage contents:1 x Electric Dog Training Collar (color may varies)1 x remote control1 x strip1 x screwdriver1 x manual

Training for the Electric Railway Business $22.42 No Synopsis Available

CET Domain 60011007 Pet Electric Training Fence $68.19 Electric Pet Fence. Buried in-ground, an invisible containment system ideal for dogs. It comes with an electrical boundary that you set up and collars to electronically communicate with the boundary. If your dog approaches the boundary, the system will issue a warning beep. If your dog continues closer to the boundary, the system will issue a mild shock. If your dog continues further, the system will issue stronger shocks until your dog returns to within the boundary you have set up. You dog will quickly learn his boundaries and stay in the areas you designate. This item takes between 7-21 days to ship/arrive because it ships out of Hong Kong or China.

AUDIBLE TRAINING AID $4.99 Audible training aid Does your dog pull you down the street each time you go for a walk? Train your dog instantly with the tweeter whistle. Device attaches to dog’s leash and emits a non-electric whistling tone when pulled. Use with verbal command to stop

R/C Helicopter Training Legs Platform (Large) $3.9 - Very easy to install, fit for most of the electric helicopter, beginner must have this training kit

R/C Helicopter Training Legs Platform (Small) $2.71 - Very easy to install, fit for most of the electric helicopter, beginner must have this training kit

Electric $255 Electric:

It’s Electric $12.99 It’s Electric

electric $11.49 electric

2pcs Professional 100 Level Shock & 100 Level Vibration With LCD display Remote Dog Electric Training Collar $45.99 Description: Brand new LCD Display Remote 2-Dog Training Shock Collars with 100 Levels. It is one of the coolest dog training collars in the market. This set has two receivers so you can remotely control/train two dogs at the same time. Simply input any level between 1-100 to work out the best shock level for your dogs. Features: 1. Brand new Dog Electric Training Collar with LCD display 2. Patented design. 3. Provides a professional 100 level shock and 100 level Vibration with LCD Remote Electric Training Collar 4. For mild-mannered to stubborn disposition dogs. 5. The strong static impulse can penetrate the hair of the pet and fabric within 6mm thick. It is unnecessary to let the discharging point touch the skin of the pet. Therefore it is safe for the pet. 6. The static impulse can quickly and effectively curb the improper deeds of the pet. 7. With the movement induction power switch in the collar receiv Type: Collars Color: Black Color Mapping: Black

In Training $1.49 In Training Vinyl Sticker Pink, purple and chrome oval sticker with text in white and black.

MUTANT RAGE – 960 Grams – Electric Blue Raspberry $46.99 Bodybuilding’s Freakiest Pre-Training Experience

LCD 100 Level Shock and 100 Level Vibration Remote Electric Dog Training Colloar $34.99 Features: 1. Brand new Dog Electric Training Collar 2. Patented design. 3. Provides a professional 100 level shock and 100 level Vibration with LCD Remote Electric Training Collar 4. For mild-mannered to stubborn disposition dogs. 5. The strong static impulse can penetrate the hair of the pet and fabric within 6mm thick. It is unnecessary to let the discharging point touch the skin of the pet. Therefore it is safe for the pet. 6. The static impulse can quickly and effectively curb the improper deeds of the pet. 7. With the movement induction power switch in the collar receiver, it will turn on/off automatically to save power. 8. Convenience of easy-to-read LCD screen shows the stimulation level 9. Over 3,000 different identity codes to prevent conflicts with other e-collars. 10. Lightweight and non-obtrusive collar 11. Pager non-electrical stimulation 12. 300 meters away from the control

Remote Electric Training Collar Adjustable the length of belt to fit most kind of dog from 10 lbs to 100 lbs $36.49 Features: 1. Brand new Dog Electric Training Collar 2. Patented design. 3. Provides a professional 100 level shock and 100 level Vibration with LCD Remote Electric Training Collar 4. For mild-mannered to stubborn disposition dogs. 5. The strong static impulse can penetrate the hair of the pet and fabric within 6mm thick. It is unnecessary to let the discharging point touch the skin of the pet. Therefore it is safe for the pet. 6. The static impulse can quickly and effectively curb the improper deeds of the pet. 7. With the movement induction power switch in the collar receiver, it will turn on/off automatically to save power. 8. Convenience of easy-to-read LCD screen shows the stimulation level 9. Over 3,000 different identity codes to prevent conflicts with other e-collars. 10. Lightweight and non-obtrusive collar 11. Pager non-electrical stimulation 12. 300 meters away from the control

LCD 100 Level Shock & Vibra Remote Dog Training Collar Dog Training System $33.99 Description: Is your dog out of control? Are you finding it difficult to train him/her using orthodox methods? You are not alone. Many dogs simply do not respond to traditional training methods which is why thousands of owners and professional trainers have used training collars to assist them in their training programs. As we all know an out-of-control dog can be a danger to themselves and others. Training collars can help you achieve a well trained and contented dog within days. Features: 1. Brand new Dog Electric Training Collar 2. Patented design. 3. Provides a professional 100 level shock & 100 level Vibration with LCD Remote Electric Training Collar 4. For mild-mannered to stubborn disposition dogs. 5. The strong static impulse can penetrate the hair of the pet and fabric within 6mm thick. It is unnecessary to let the discharging point touch the skin of the pet. Therefore it is safe for the pet. 6. The stat Type: Remote Trainers Color: Black

Electric Power Principles $75 This innovative approach to the fundamentals of electric power provides the most rigorous, comprehensive and modern treatment available. To impart a thorough grounding in electric power systems, it begins with an informative discussion on per-unit normalizations, symmetrical components and iterative load flow calculations. Covering important topics within the power system, such as protection and DC transmission, this book looks at both traditional power plants and those used for extracting sustainable energy from wind and sunlight. With classroom-tested material, this book also presents: the principles of electromechanical energy conversion and magnetic circuits; synchronous machines – the most important generators of electric power; power electronics; induction and direct current electric motors. Homework problems with varying levels of difficulty are included at the end of each chapter, and an online solutions manual for tutors is available. A useful Appendix contains a review of elementary network theory. For senior undergraduate and postgraduate students studying advanced electric power systems as well as engineers re-training in this area, this textbook will be an indispensable resource. It will also benefit engineers in electronic power systems, power electronic systems, electric motors and generators, robotics and mechatronics. www.wiley.com/go/kirtley_electric

Country Electric Guitar Ear Training Course 2-CD Set $14.95 “By Brad Davis. For Guitar (Flatpicking). Methods. Building Excellence Audio Series. Country play along. Beginning. Compact Disc. Published by Mel Bay Publications, Inc”

Remote Electric Dog Control Pets Training Shock Collar $16.29 Waterproof, small, lightweight yet rugged design works well at home and in the field. The collar emits an audible click to inform you when the collar is properly fitted.

Hybrid, Electric and Fuel-cell Vehicles Computer Based Training (Cbt) $112.08 No Synopsis Available

Training Beams $195 Training Beams

Training Raft $31.46 Training Raft

Princess In Training $10 Princess In Training

Training For Success $8.99 Training For Success

Training Day $8.99 Training Day

Interkulturelles Training $69.95 Interkulturelles Training

Training for Employment $11.25 Training for Employment

Blues Guitar Ear Training Course $12.99 Track Listing: (DISC 1:), (DISC 2:), 1. Introduction, 1. Introduction, 2. Tuning, 2. Tuning, 3. Powe of Ear Training, 3. Robert Johnson, 4. How to Hum, 4. Hum Exercises, 5. Short Group Section, 5. Time Out, 6. G Lick, Pt. 1 [Acoustic], 6. Humping Licks, 7. G Lick, Pt. 2, 7. Group Note Section, 8. G Lick, Pt. 1, 8. G Lick, Pt. 3, 9. G Lick, Pt. 2, 9. G Lick, Pt. 4, 10. G Lick, Pt. 3, 10. G Lick, Pt. 5, 11. G Lick, Pt. 4, 11. G Lick, Pt. 6 [Electric], 12. G Lick, Pt. 5, 12. G Lick, Pt. 7, 13. G Lick, Pt. 6, 13. G Lick, Pt. 8, 14. G Lick, Pt. 7, 14. G Lick, Pt. 9, 15. G Lick, Pt. 10, 15. G Lick, Pt. 8, 16. G Bonus Lick, 16. G Lick, Pt. 9, 17. G Lick, Pt. 10, 17. G Transpose, 18. A Lick, Pt. 1, 18. C Lick, Pt. 1 [Acoustic], 19. A Lick, Pt. 2, 19. C Lick, Pt. 2, 20. A Lick, Pt. 3, 20. C Lick, Pt. 3, 21. A Lick, Pt. 4, 21. C Lick, Pt. 4, 22. A Lick, Pt. 5, 22. C Lick, Pt. 5, 23. A Lick, Pt. 6, 23. C Lick, Pt. 6 [Electric], 24. A Lick, Pt. 7, 24. C Lick, Pt. 7, 25. A Lick, Pt. 8, 25. C Lick, Pt. 8, 26. A Lick, Pt. 9, 26. C Lick, Pt. 9, 27. A Lick, Pt. 10, 27. C Lick, Pt. 10, 28. C Lick, Pt. 1, 28. C Transpose, 29. C Lick, Pt. 2, 29. D Lick, Pt. 1 [Acoustic], 30. C Lick, Pt. 3, 30. D Lick, Pt. 2, 31. C Lick, Pt. 4, 31. D Lick, Pt. 3, 32. C Lick, Pt. 5, 32. D Lick, Pt. 4, 33. D Lick, Pt. 1, 33. D Lick, Pt. 5, 34. D Lick, Pt. 2, 34. D Lick, Pt. 6, 35. D Lick, Pt. 3, 35. D Lick, Pt. 7, 36. D Lick, Pt. 4, 36. D Lick, Pt. 8, 37. D Lick, Pt. 5, 37. D Lick, Pt. 9, 38. D Lick, Pt. 10, 38. E Lick, Pt. 1, 39. D Transpose, 39. E Lick, Pt. 2, 40. Double Notes, 40. E Lick, Pt. 3, 41. E Lick, Pt. 4, 41. Rhythm Rehearsal, 42. E Lick, Pt. 5, 42. Rehearsal Start, 43. Fast Rhythm, 43. Low & High Octaves, 44. Ear Training Songs, 44. Lick Transposing, 45. Ear Outro, 45. Sliding Licks, 46. Lick Jam E, G, A, B, C, D, E, 47. More Transposing, 48. Blues Rhythm, 49. Outro, 50. Blues Jam w/Licks

Training Kit For 6 Channel Dragon Helicopter $14.99 Training Kit For 6 Channel Dragon Helicopter. Mount a mini camera on your helicopter to make things more interesting. Get a view from above in real time, full motion, color video, plus sound. Searching for a new toy? Check out all of the toy helicopters and RC cars for sale at toy stores . Crashed your RC helicopters and need spare parts? We carry lots of RC helicopter parts your remote control helicopter. At first, flying electric RC helicopters can be a bit difficult, but do not get frustrated. Time and patience will make you an expert helicopter pilot. Type: Replacement Parts Color: Assorted

Draper Envoy Electric Projection Screen $1803.99 1 Year 112037 154″ 1:1 60° 96″ Height x 120″ Width Envoy electrically operated projection screen. Designed for recessed installation above ceiling in conference and meeting rooms, executive facilities and training centers. Motor-in-roller with automatic ceiling closure that can easily be finished to match ceiling. Ceiling Mount Draper Draper, Inc Electric Envoy Envoy Electric Projection Screen Glass Beaded Projection Screen Yes www.draperinc.com

Electric Wiring: Domestic $18.95 Electric Wiring Domestic is the definitive guide to home wiring to professional standards. This makes it ideal for serious DIY work, especially for letting or resale, and essential reading for professionals who are not trained electricians, undertaking the wiring work involved in plumbing, central heating, security alarms, television and aerial installation, and telephone installation. The handy format and clear, straightforward text have also made this book popular as a quick reference source for electricians. Electric Wiring Domestic has been in print continuously since 1940. The twelfth edition has been updated in line with the latest versions of the IEE Wiring Regulations (BS 7671:2001) and includes a new chapter on bathroom wiring and a useful Appendix covering basic electrical facts and formulae. Brian Scaddan is a Chief Examiner and Honorary Member of City and Guilds. He has over 30 years’ experience in Further Education and professional training, and is now Director of Brian Scaddan Associates, Engineering Training Consultants. He is a leading author of books on electrical installation, inspection and testing, including IEE Wiring Regulations: Explained and Illustrated and Electrical Installation Work . * The how-to-guide for home wiring to professional standards * Essential reading for serious DIY, electrical installation, plumbing, heating systems, TV and security alarm installation * Fully in line with the latest UK IEE Wiring Regulations (BS 7671:2001)

Real Electric Guitar with Amp $99.95 Rock on! Twangggg! Just plug in and play! The Real Electric Guitar with Built-in Amp makes every rock star-in-training feel like a billboard idol. Its hip design and quality sound is amazing. Handcrafted wood body has a 21-fret, maple fingerboard neck. But the best part is the built-in amp: no plugs or wires! Cool nylon carry case for gigs on the road, adjustable strap, extra E and B strings, instructions, and more. Groupies are optional! Uses one 9V battery (sold separately). 30″ long. Sorry, express delivery not available. Ages 7+.

The Training of the Will $22.29 Kessinger Publishing is the place to find hundreds of thousands of rare and hard-to-find books with something of interest for everyone

Training $7 This book is in Good Used condition